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The Latest: Former President Jimmy Carter is dead at age 100Cooking up a breakthrough: Engineers refine lipid nanoparticles for better mRNA therapiesRams don't dominate, but they're rolling toward the playoffs with superb complementary footballJimmy Carter, the 39th US president, has died at 100
For the first time, Northwestern Medicine scientists have identified a population of long-lived proteins in the ovaries which likely support the stability and longevity of the female reproductive system and may contribute to reproductive aging, according to a recent study published in eLife . "We've generated a resource for the field because now we have a catalog of long-lived proteins that we and others can now go after to understand mechanistically how they are contributing to reproductive aging," said Francesca Duncan, Ph.D., the Thomas J. Watkins Memorial Professor of Reproductive Science, and co-senior author of the study. As the body ages, all organ systems slowly decline in function. The female reproductive system, however, is one of the first organ systems to age, with fertility beginning to decrease in women in their mid-thirties and reproductive function stopping completely at menopause. Reproductive aging is also associated with a loss in egg quantity and quality, which can cause infertility, miscarriages and birth defects. "The mammalian ovary is comprised of a fixed and nonrenewable pool of long-lived cells , or oocytes . They have to remain functional for up to decades in humans, so you can imagine that these cells are extremely vulnerable to any sort of damage that happens over that period of time," said Duncan, who is also a member of the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University. To better understand the mechanisms that contribute to reproductive aging, Duncan teamed up with Jeffrey Savas, Ph.D., associate professor in the Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology in the Division of Behavioral Neurology, to study the impact of the loss of protein function and quality in the ovaries and in oocytes, or egg cells that have not yet matured. "You can imagine that if you have proteins in a cell that are sticking around for long periods of time without turning over, that could lead to damage in a long-lived cell," Duncan said. Using a comprehensive protein identification technique developed by Savas, which involved multi-generational whole animal metabolic stable isotope labeling and mass spectrometry-based quantitative proteomic approaches, the investigators were able to visualize and identify ovarian and oocyte long-lived molecules and proteins from mice at specific time points relevant to female reproductive aging. "In the overall structure of the ovary, which contains oocytes and follicles, there's a lot of diversity in terms of cell types and very specialized proteins are expressed there, so it seemed like a rich organ to study this aspect of biology," said Savas, who is also a professor of Pharmacology and of Medicine in the Division of Nephrology and Hypertension. In the mice oocytes and ovaries, the investigators found that long-lived proteins persisted after six months. At 10 months, however, most of these proteins had turned over and degraded. They also found increased subtypes of proteins in the oocytes, including histone proteins and several cytoskeletal proteins, as well as organ-specific proteins, including the ZP3 protein, which helps mediate sperm binding to the egg during fertilization. Unexpectedly, the scientists also discovered a large percentage of these long-lived proteins were mitochondrial proteins; it is known that the mitochondria, the energy producing organelles of the cell, are essential for supporting egg quality. This may suggest that long-lived proteins are essential for ensuring the structural and functional integrity of oocytes, Duncan said. "We know that with age, there's deterioration of mitochondrial function, but long-lived proteins have never been implicated in the oocyte before, especially in terms of their mitochondria," Duncan said. "This would suggest that the 'scaffolding' of the egg is actually made very early on and ultimately probably built upon with new proteins as the egg develops. This changes our fundamental understanding of egg biology and how we think about how these cells manage being long-lived." The findings underscore the role long-lived proteins have in maintenance and age-dependent deterioration of the female reproductive system. The next steps in the investigation, according to Duncan, will be determining if these long-lived mitochondrial proteins are beneficial or damaging to oocytes over time and how this impacts overall egg quality and survival. "I think this study is an excellent example of how at Northwestern interdisciplinary research can come together in highly impactful ways. It's been incredibly exciting and rewarding to establish a common language and apply state-of-the-art technologies across disciplines to drive biology forward," Duncan said. More information: Ewa K Bomba-Warczak et al, Exceptional longevity of mammalian ovarian and oocyte macromolecules throughout the reproductive lifespan, eLife (2024). DOI: 10.7554/eLife.93172.3Patriots’ former 1st-round pick anticipating first start in more than a year
(Reuters) -Tech and growth stocks dragged Wall Street's main indexes lower on Friday, at the end of an upbeat holiday-shortened week that was driven by expectations around a traditionally strong period for markets. The Dow Jones Industrial Average fell 0.82%, the S&P 500 was down 1.24% and the Nasdaq Composite briefly fell more than 2% and was down 1.80%. Ten of the 11 major S&P sectors, including information technology and consumer discretionary fell the most, down about 2% and 1.9%, after powering most of the broader market's gains in 2024. COMMENTS: STEVE SOSNICK, CHIEF MARKET STRATEGIST, INTERACTIVE BROKERS, GREENWICH, CONNECTICUT "I’ve heard anecdotes that pension funds are rebalancing ahead of year-end, selling stocks and buying bonds. Unfortunately, I can’t verify that, but it would explain the sudden sell-off on no news. And of course, if large funds are selling stocks en masse, the megacap tech stocks would bear the brunt because of their heavy weighting in major indices." "If nothing else, today is a reminder that just because a 'Santa Claus' rally is a statistical likelihood, it is far from guaranteed." “We’ve seen an attempt at a buy-the-dips rally smacked back, which seems to confirm that this is some selling or rebalancing underway by a big investor.” JAY WOODS, CHIEF GLOBAL STRATEGIST, FREEDOM CAPITAL MARKETS, NEW YORK "What people are doing is they're raising some cash. They're taking some profits right now as we go into the end of the year and getting ready for an opportunity if it presents itself in the beginning of next year. Tech, which has had a tremendous run, is starting to pull back. I think this is the beginning of a healthy correction that will get focused over the next four to eight weeks as we switch administrations." ROBERT PAVLIK, SENIOR PORTFOLIO MANAGER, DAKOTA WEALTH, FAIRFIELD, CONNECTICUT “Any kind of selling pressure sort of spirals a little bit out of control when you have a thinly traded market. And I think the selling pressure is really just people looking for direction.” “It’s not a lot of institutions. I think a lot of non-professionals are looking seeing the market’s direction and they just go with the flow. There’s concerns that maybe the first part of this year can involve some repositioning and reallocation of funds and those that are trading today and next week are probably just trying to get a little bit ahead of that.” “There’s uncertainty about the direction of interest rates and inflation, and the fact of all this is sort of coming together at one time. What is the Federal Reserve going to do in the first part of next year?” “And then there’s a new administration coming in with new policies and (there are uncertainties as to) what those policies will actually be, which policies will actually be implemented. There's a lot of talk about new and many changes, but what's really going to happen?” “And because of the big run that you've had in 2024, portfolios are not exactly positioned correctly for 2025 and I think a lot of people are expecting a lot of changes in the early part of the year.” “You're seeing some of that today and that will lead to more selling pressure because people just want to capture the gains before they go on into 2025.” PETER TUZ, PRESIDENT, CHASE INVESTMENT COUNSEL, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VIRGINIA “This is end of year stuff going on people have had a pretty good year, and it’s typical year-end selling pressure caused by people taking profits, not a lot of buyers out there and not a lot of volume.“ “(There’s) no reason to jump in and buy these things at these valuations, and tax planning is on peoples’ minds this week and will be on Monday and Tuesday. I don't attribute it to, you know, any changing outlook in anything right now.” “The Santa Claus rally is one of those historic statistics that bears watching, but because of the change in administration and the potential change in policy you're probably seeing more action now than you would ordinarily. There's the potential for a lot of disruption in 2025.” BRYCE DOTY, SENIOR PORTFOLIO MANAGER, SIT FIXED INCOME ADVISORS, MINNEAPOLIS "Today the market has really been reacting to the implications of taxes coming up. Tax positioning is overwhelming the other factors. But the more the Fed looks out of touch (with economic realities), the worse it is for equities...Tax trading will continue for the rest of the year." (Compiled by the Global Finance & Markets Breaking News team)
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