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New technology points to unexpected uses for snoRNA November 22, 2024 University of Chicago Researchers recently developed a new approach for identifying new cellular RNA targets of snoRNAs. They uncovered thousands of previously unknown targets for snoRNAs in human cells and mouse brain tissues, including many that serve functions other than guiding rRNA modifications. Facebook Twitter Pinterest LinkedIN Email Dynamic, reversible modifications of DNA and RNA regulate how genes are expressed and transcribed, which can influence cellular processes, disease development, and overall organismal health. Small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) are a common but overlooked group of guide RNA molecules that steer chemical modifications to cellular ribosomal RNA (rRNA) targets, like an usher showing someone to their seat in a theater. Researchers from the University of Chicago recently developed a new approach for identifying new cellular RNA targets of snoRNAs. They uncovered thousands of previously unknown targets for snoRNAs in human cells and mouse brain tissues, including many that serve functions other than guiding rRNA modifications. Some of the newly discovered interactions with messenger RNA (mRNA) facilitate protein secretion, an important cellular process that could be harnessed for potential therapeutics and biotechnology applications. "Once you see so many targets for these snoRNAs, you realize there's a lot more to be understood," said Chuan He, PhD, John T. Wilson Distinguished Service Professor of Chemistry and Professor of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology at the University of Chicago and co-senior author of the paper. "We already see that they play a role in protein secretion, which has major implications for physiology, and it suggests a path forward to study hundreds of other snoRNAs." The paper, "SnoRNA-facilitated protein secretion revealed by transcriptome-wide snoRNA target identification," was published in November 2024 in the journal Cell. A molecular glue for protein secretion There are more than 1,000 known genes for encoding snoRNAs in the human genome, but scientists have only pinpointed the RNA targets for about 300 of them. These targets mostly involve guiding modifications for ribosomal RNA and small nuclear RNA involved in mRNA splicing. In the decades since snoRNAs were first discovered, researchers largely left the remaining 700 alone, assuming they performed similar functions. However, unlike other guide RNA molecules such as microRNAs that are all the same length, snoRNAs vary greatly in their length from 50-250 residues, suggesting that they can do many different things. Over the past 12 years, He's lab has developed several biochemical and sequencing techniques for studying transcription, DNA modifications, and RNA modifications. In the new study, He worked with co-senior author Tao Pan, PhD, Professor of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, to test a new tool called "snoKARR-seq" that links snoRNAs with their target binding RNAs. Bei Liu, PhD, a Chicago Fellow postdoctoral scholar who is co-mentored by He and Pan, led the project. "Chuan's lab developed this killer technology to look at exactly what RNA each snoRNA is interacting with at the transcriptome level," Pan said. "Now there's a lot of open space for understanding comprehensively what these 1,000 human genes [that encode snoRNAs] are doing." Most of the newly discovered snoRNA targets do not overlap with the known RNA modification sites, suggesting that snoRNAs may have a much broader function in cells. One unexpected discovery was that a snoRNA called SNORA73 interacts with mRNAs that encode secreted proteins and cell membrane proteins. Protein secretion is a fundamental biological process by which proteins are transported from a cell into the extracellular space, which is crucial for various functions, including communication between cells, immune responses, and digestion. The researchers saw that SNORA73 acts as a "molecular glue" between the mRNA and the protein synthesis machinery that helps facilitate this process. Further analysis of how SNORA73 binds with mRNA suggested that synthetic snoRNA sequences can be engineered to affect protein secretion. The researchers tested this hypothesis by tweaking a green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter to interact with SNORA73 . GFPs are often introduced in cells to make them glow under certain conditions so scientists can see the effects of experiments. When the researchers expressed SNORA73 genes with the engineered GFP that can be secreted from cells, it increased protein secretion by 30 to 50% over controls. These experiments showed that they could make use of the snoRNA machinery to manipulate the secretion of a given protein, which could be useful for developing therapeutics. For example, if a human disease involves a deficiency of secreted proteins, then bioengineers could hijack the system to deliver artificial snoRNAs to increase secretion of that protein. 'The field is wide open' While the technology for synthesizing and delivering snoRNAs to the right locations isn't quite ready yet, both He and Pan feel confident those challenges can be solved since it builds upon previous advances in technology using other forms of RNA. They also believe that since snoRNAs are specific to cell types, they could have much more diverse functions -- and therapeutic possibilities -- elsewhere. "Think about neuronal cells, stem cells, or cancer cells. There are just so many cell types one can study. So, I think the field is wide open," He said. "Tao and I have been working together for more than 15 years, and it's a great showcase of collaboration between the Biological Sciences Division and Physical Sciences Division at UChicago. This paper is another example that this kind of collaboration leads to opening a new field of biology." Additional authors on the study include Tong Wu, Bernadette A. Miao, Fei Ji, Shun Liu, Pingluan Wang, Yutao Zhao, Yuhao Zhong, Arunkumar Sundaram, Tie-Bo Zeng, Marta Majcherska-Agrawal, and Robert J. Keenan from UChicago. Story Source: Materials provided by University of Chicago . Original written by Matt Wood. Note: Content may be edited for style and length. Journal Reference : Cite This Page :
Pharmaceutical Filtration Market Size, Share & Trends Analysis Report Forecast Period (2024-2031). 12-23-2024 07:59 PM CET | Business, Economy, Finances, Banking & Insurance Press release from: Orion Market Research Pharmaceutical filtration market is anticipated to grow at a significant CAGR of 9.0% during the forecast period (2024-2031). The market growth is attributed to the growing prevalence of chronic disease, growing funding for biopharmaceutical R&D, and increasing technological developments in the sterilizing process. According to the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), global pharmaceutical market revenue was $1,143 billion in 2017 and reached $1,462 billion in 2021. Get Sample Copy of this Report at https://www.omrglobal.com/request-sample/pharmaceutical-filtration-market-size Growing Adoption of Single-Use Systems in Pharmaceutical Industry Single-use filtration systems are growing increasingly common owing to their benefits in decreasing cross-contamination, less cleaning requirements, and enhanced flexibility and efficiency. In biopharmaceutical processing of medicinal pharmaceuticals, single-use systems hold great promise as they offer substantial benefits over conventional reusable stainless-steel systems and partially disposable systems. Single-use systems, which eliminate the chemicals and resources (such as water and energy) required to sterilize reusable systems, encourage sustainability. They seem to be the antithesis of a global movement away from throwaway items and processes. Single-use parts are meant to be thrown away after just one use. It is not always required to prepare items before use as many disposable systems come pre-cleaned and sterilized for the user. As a result, the customer location no longer requires cleaning and sterilizing procedures. Increasing Biopharmaceutical Production Globally The demand for advanced filtering methods that can handle these complex compounds and ensure high purity levels is driven by the increase in the manufacture of biologics, such as monoclonal antibodies, vaccines, and cell and gene therapies. In the biopharmaceutical sector, filtration is extremely important as it ensures the sterility of desired products by eliminating impurities. Certain sterilization techniques cannot be used on pharmaceutical items owing to their extreme sensitivity, which makes filtration an essential step in the process. Many pharmaceutical compounds, including hormones, enzymes, and antibiotics, are purified via filtration. Endotoxins, host cell proteins, and other pollutants are eliminated during this process, which also guarantees the final product's integrity and purity. Market Segmentation Based on the technique, the market is segmented into microfiltration, ultrafiltration, nanofiltration, and others (ion exchange). Based on the application, the market is segmented into final product processing, raw material filtration, cell separation, water purification, and air purification. by Technique (Microfiltration, Ultrafiltration, Nanofiltration, and Others), by Application (Final Product Processing, Raw Material Filtration, Cell Separation, Water Purification, and Air Purification Market Players Outlook The major companies serving the global pharmaceutical filtration market include 3M, Danaher Corp., Merck KGaA, Parker Hannifin Corp., and Sartorius AG among others. The market players are increasingly focusing on business expansion and product development by applying strategies such as collaborations, mergers, and acquisitions to stay competitive in the market. Recent Developments In May 2022, Merck invested more than €440 million ($463.6 million) and expanded its membrane and filtration manufacturing in Ireland. Significantly increases membrane-manufacturing capacities and enables the construction of new filtration manufacturing facility. Supports Merck's strategy to invest in products and technologies across its portfolio that are key to manufacturing novel therapies, vaccines, and diagnostics. The Report Covers Market value data analysis of 2023 and forecast to 2031. Annualized market revenues ($ million) for each market segment. Country-wise analysis of major geographical regions. Key companies operating in the pharmaceutical filtration market. Based on the availability of data, information related to new products, and relevant news is also available in the report. Analysis of business strategies by identifying the key market segments positioned for strong growth in the future. Analysis of market-entry and market expansion strategies. Competitive strategies by identifying 'who-stands-where' in the market. Inquire for Discount on this Report at https://www.omrglobal.com/report-customization/pharmaceutical-filtration-market-size Media Contact: Company Name: Orion Market Research Contact Person: Mr. Anurag Tiwari Email: info@omrglobal.com Contact no: +91 780-304-0404 About Orion Market Research Orion Market Research (OMR) is a market research and consulting company known for its crisp and concise reports. The company is equipped with an experienced team of analysts and consultants. OMR offers quality syndicated research reports, customized research reports, consulting and other research-based services. The company also offers Digital Marketing services through its subsidiary OMR Digital and Software development and Consulting Services through another subsidiary Encanto Technologies. This release was published on openPR.
Amber Heard supports Blake Lively’s lawsuit against Justin BaldoniBryce Young found himself benched by the Carolina Panthers two starts into his sophomore season ... but last year's first overall pick has found success since returning to the lineup in week eight -- and Rod Wave may have something to do with the turnaround! The backstory ... the 26-year-old rapper took to social media, asking the Panthers signal caller to hit his line after he was pulled, and many fans wondered if the call happened, and if so, what'd the fellas discuss? I wonder what Rod Wave told Bryce Young😭😭 pic.twitter.com/VDxXOouWuP On Wednesday, Young resolved the mystery ... and while he wouldn't go into specifics, he did address the convo, and it's clear he's very appreciative. "He had just hit me when I got benched and everything," he said. "Being supportive, just like sending support. So I was definitely grateful for that." So what did @rodwave say to Bryce Young?! Here’s your answer: pic.twitter.com/l4apidOF2P Young revealed he had been a big fan of Wave's music, but did not know him personally before the two got in contact after the Instagram post. While the Panthers still sit at a dismal 3-9, the team has been significantly more competitive since Young returned to the starting lineup. BY has completed 102 of his 169 passes in those five games ... for six touchdowns and three interceptions. As for Rod, he's yet to comment on the conversations, but if the 23-year-old keeps improving ... Coach Wave?!
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James Gunn 's Creature Commandos animated streaming series has officially been renewed for a second season according to Gunn himself, who shared the good news on social media just in time for Christmas, along with a holiday card featuring the show's unlikely mascot Weasel. "You wanted monsters? Well, you’re getting even more," Gunn says. "We’re coming back for season two! But don’t worry, we’ve still got plenty left this season for you. Catch new episodes of Creature Commandos every Thursday, with the season one finale dropping January 9 exclusively on Max." Creature Commandos has proved to be a worthy first entry in the new DC Studios cinematic universe as well as a pitch-perfect continuation of The Suicide Squad and Peacemaker, two previous DC properties that are making the jump to the new continuity. Still, there's a long way to go before the end of the first season, which, as Gunn points out, is still in the middle of airing. And considering how tragic the last couple episodes have been, who knows what the team will even look like by the time the season ends. In fact, episode 4, 'Chasing Squirrels,' was so deeply heartbreaking (and emotionally affecting) that I took time out to explore what makes the episode, and its central character Weasel, so special , and so reflective of the larger themes of what the "Monsters" side of the so-called "Gods and Monsters" era of the burgeoning cinematic DC Universe is all about so far. Up next, kinda more on the "Gods" side of the equation, is Gunn's Superman reboot movie, which just got a gorgeous first trailer that's setting hopes for the film quite high. New episodes of Creature Commandos will premiere Thursdays on Max through early January. For more, check out our Creature Commandos review or our guide to the other best shows on HBO Max to add to your watchlist.Inhale. Hold. Exhale. Hold. Breathe. It will all be what it will be. If you’ve felt panicked or confused in the last few days, it’s understandable. The constant churn of Nebraska football news since Sunday has been like drinking from a fire hose. Defensive coordinator Tony White is heading to Florida State as its defensive coordinator. Defensive backs coach John Butler will serve as the interim. Interim offensive coordinator Dana Holgorsen is staying, signing a two-year extension for $1.2 million. Nebraska has hired a new wide receivers coach, Daikiel Shorts. Defensive line coach Terrance Knighton appears to be on the move. Several players, including Jimari Butler, have declared their intention to enter the transfer portal when it opens on Monday. Nebraska signed 20 high school prospects in conjunction with Wednesday’s signing day. People are also reading... Phew. Again, breathe. It’s a lot. It’s not all bad. It’s not all good, either, but it’s not all bad. Such is life in college football in December. Thoughts on the state of Nebraska football: Tony White's departure White — a two-time Broyles Award finalist — leaving for another job was anticipated. He had plenty of calls in the last offseason to the point where he received a king’s ransom of a raise to be Nebraska’s defensive coordinator for 2024. The act of him leaving is not a surprise. But the job he left for, Florida State’s defensive coordinator, did raise some eyebrows — as many expected him to be a head coaching candidate once again. “Obviously I was disappointed,” Rhule said. “I liked coaching with Tony, I liked being around him. I thought he had a great effect. But he’s gotta go do what he’s gotta do.” Rhule continued later: “Did I want Tony to leave? No. But it’s OK. Coaches are going to leave. If we have good players and we have good coaches, people are going to come try to get them. If no one’s trying to take our players and no one’s trying to take our coaches, that means we’re in trouble.” While the title appears to be the same — defensive coordinator to defensive coordinator — this is not a lateral move. For one, Rhule said Wednesday that part of White’s move was for “family reasons.” For two, it likely comes with a bigger paycheck. White’s salary has not been publicly disclosed since the hire has not yet been announced by Florida State, but his predecessor, Adam Fuller, made $2 million in 2024 before he was fired last week. At Nebraska, White made $1.6 million in 2024. Of note, there’s no state income tax in Florida. Nebraska’s progressive income tax rate for White’s tax bracket is 6.54%. As far as other finances are concerned... Florida State football had an NIL team budget of around $12 million in 2024, according to an August report from the Athletic’s Bruce Feldman, with almost $2 million allocated for the defensive line. Nebraska’s NIL budget for football “is not even 10” million, Nebraska athletic director Troy Dannen reportedly said at the 1890 annual member appreciation event last April. Yes, it is true that Florida State had an abysmal season — which is the entire reason why White has a job there now. But what about the season before that? When Florida State went undefeated in the regular season and was mindbogglingly left out of the four-team College Football Playoff. Yes, Florida State did go 2-10 this season. That did happen. But I still think the Florida State gig is a better job — even with the university in an active lawsuit against the ACC. With Mike Norvell making sweeping changes after the disappointing season, I doubt he remains on the hot seat. And even if he does? White’s a good candidate to take the reins. So ... who will replace him? You can be mad at White for bolting. But that doesn’t change the fact that Nebraska needs a new defensive coordinator. (And a new defensive line coach, most likely.) Who’s it going to be? In the interim, at least, it will be defensive backs coach John Butler. Butler joined the staff over the summer after the untimely departure of Evan Cooper. Butler was previously with the Buffalo Bills and was Penn State’s defensive coordinator in 2013. Rhule did say that Butler is a candidate for the job. But, Rhule isn’t going to put a timetable on this hire. Nor is he going to try to make a big splash with a big name. He wants to 1.) Get it right, and 2.) Keep the defense the same. “I want to do this defense,” Rhule said. “Whoever that is, I don’t want to make that decision for the short term — where we all feel good about it.” Nothing here would surprise me. Promoting Butler would make sense. Hiring from the outside would make sense — especially since Rhule brought in an outside guy in the last two coordinator hires he’s made: White and Dana Holgorsen. 2 years for Holgorsen One shred of good news from Monday was that Nebraska and offensive coordinator Dana Holgorsen opted to continue things. Not just for a few more weeks, this time, but rather two years to the tune of $1.2 million. “I was ecstatic when Dana decided to stick around,” Rhule said. “He decided that he saw enough here in his time here to know that ... we can get this thing offensively to where we want to get it to.” There are good pieces here, that’s for sure. Quarterback Dylan Raiola is, of course, the straw that stirs the drink, but seeing the overall rise of play from most everyone on offense the last three weeks was quite the sight. Will be interesting to see how that develops with more time. One big change that Holgorsen wanted was to bring in one of his guys — Daikeil Shorts, a receiver who played for Holgo at West Virginia and then coached receivers on his staff at Houston. But that was the only change Holgorsen requested, Rhule said. Everything else, offensively at least, is expected to stay the same — Donovan Raiola as offensive line coach, Glenn Thomas at quarterbacks, EJ Barthel at running backs and Marcus Satterfield at tight ends. Yes. As of now, Satterfield will remain on staff as the tight ends coach. “That was Dana’s call,” Rhule said. “... Satt wants to be here and he’s done a great job in recruiting and I think he’ll continue to help us.” Portal moves Yes. It’s been a lot of guys. Is it frustrating seeing guys like Jimari Butler and James Williams and Mikai Gbayor and Princewill Umanmielen in the portal? Yes. But that’s the name of the game these days. I warn you, there will be more. Not trying to fearmonger or anything, but it’s a numbers game at this point. Nebraska remains over the limit. And, Nebraska will be active in the portal, too. Lots of coming and going in the weeks to come. Ty Robinson Nebraska’s lone All-Big Ten team selection was Ty Robinson, making the third team. I feel like that was a slight. Not necessarily a snub, but a slight. Hard to imagine nine more guys at his position in this league that are better than him. But, on a positive note for Robinson, he accepted his invitation to the Senior Bowl. Expect his draft stock to rise. Photos: Nebraska football vs. Iowa on Black Friday — Nov. 29 Nebraska players, including Jacob Hood (center), turn to wave during the "Hawkeye Wave" on Friday in Iowa City. Nebraska assistant coach Garret McGuire looks on during warm up before the Iowa game, Friday, Nov. 29, 2024, at Kinnick Stadium in Iowa City, Iowa. Nebraska assistant coach Marcus Satterfield looks on during warm up before the Iowa game, Friday, Nov. 29, 2024, at Kinnick Stadium in Iowa City, Iowa. Nebraska fan Zachary Roth of Omaha dances in the cold during the Iowa game, Friday, Nov. 29, 2024, at Kinnick Stadium in Iowa City, Iowa. Nebraska head coach Matt Rhule talks with an official during the Iowa game on Friday at Kinnick Stadium in Iowa City. Nebraska's Jahmal Banks is tackled by Iowa's TJ Hall on Friday at Kinnick Stadium in Iowa City. Iowa's Kamari Moulton (center) is tackled by Nebraska's MJ Sherman (left) and Elijah Jeudy, Friday, Nov. 29, 2024, at Kinnick Stadium in Iowa City, Iowa. Nebraska's Carter Nelson (center) is tackled by Iowa's Deontae Craig (right) on Friday at Kinnick Stadium in Iowa City. Iowa's Quinn Schulte (left) tackles Nebraska's Nate Boerkircher, Friday, Nov. 29, 2024, at Kinnick Stadium in Iowa City, Iowa. Nebraska's Thomas Fidone picks up a pass against Iowa, Friday, Nov. 29, 2024, at Kinnick Stadium in Iowa City, Iowa. Nebraska's John Hohl reacts after missing a field goal against Iowa, Friday, Nov. 29, 2024, at Kinnick Stadium in Iowa City, Iowa. Nebraska's Dylan Raiola runs with the ball against Iowa on Friday at Kinnick Stadium in Iowa City. Nebraska's Isaac Gifford (left) rips the ball away from Iowa's Jarriett Buie on Friday at Kinnick Stadium in Iowa City. The Nebraska defense stops Iowa on fourth down on Friday at Kinnick Stadium in Iowa City. Nebraska's Jahmal Banks picks up a pass next to Iowa's Deshaun Lee, Friday, Nov. 29, 2024, at Kinnick Stadium in Iowa City, Iowa. Nebraska's Emmett Johnson escapes a tackle by Iowa's Deshaun Lee, Friday, Nov. 29, 2024, at Kinnick Stadium in Iowa City, Iowa. Nebraska head coach Matt Rhule looks on during the Iowa game, Friday, Nov. 29, 2024, at Kinnick Stadium in Iowa City, Iowa. Nebraska's Dante Dowdell tries to break a tackle from Iowa's Jay Higgins (left) and Koen Entringer (4), Friday, Nov. 29, 2024, at Kinnick Stadium in Iowa City, Iowa. Nebraska's Emmett Johnson fumbles under pressure from Iowa's Sebastian Castro (top) and TJ Hall (bottom), Friday, Nov. 29, 2024, at Kinnick Stadium in Iowa City, Iowa. Iowa's Drew Stevens (18) celebrates after making the game-winning kick against Nebraska, Friday, Nov. 29, 2024, at Kinnick Stadium in Iowa City, Iowa. Iowa's Drew Stevens (18) celebrates after making the game-winning kick against Nebraska, Friday, Nov. 29, 2024, at Kinnick Stadium in Iowa City, Iowa. Iowa's Luke Elkin (left) and Ty Nissen carry Heroes Game trophy after defeating Nebraska on Friday at Kinnick Stadium in Iowa City. Iowa's Drew Stevens (18) kicks a game-winning field goal through the arms of Nebraska's Ty Robinson (9) and Nash Hutmacher (0) on Friday at Kinnick Stadium in Iowa City. Nebraska's Dante Dowdell scores a touchdown against Iowa in the second quarter, Friday, Nov. 29, 2024, at Kinnick Stadium in Iowa City, Iowa. Nebraska's Dylan Raiola carries the ball against Iowa, Friday, Nov. 29, 2024, at Kinnick Stadium in Iowa City, Iowa. Iowa's Deontae Craig (bottom) pressures Nebraska's Dylan Raiola, Friday, Nov. 29, 2024, at Kinnick Stadium in Iowa City, Iowa. Nebraska's John Hohl (right) celebrates his field goal against Iowa, Friday, Nov. 29, 2024, at Kinnick Stadium in Iowa City, Iowa. Nebraska's Mikai Gbayor tips a pass by Iowa's Jackson Stratton on Friday at Kinnick Stadium in Iowa City. Iowa's Deontae Craig (left) and Aaron Graves (right) pressure Nebraska's Dylan Raiola on at Kinnick Stadium in Iowa City, Iowa. Nebraska head coach Matt Rhule (left) talks with Iowa head coach Kirk Ferentz before the game, Friday, Nov. 29, 2024, at Kinnick Stadium in Iowa City, Iowa. Jesse Divis of David City, 17, braves the cold before the Nebraska game at Iowa, Friday, Nov. 29, 2024, at Kinnick Stadium in Iowa City, Iowa. Nebraska head coach Matt Rhule arrives before the Iowa game, Friday, Nov. 29, 2024, at Kinnick Stadium in Iowa City, Iowa. Nebraska special teams coordinator Ed Foley arrives before the Iowa game, Friday, Nov. 29, 2024, at Kinnick Stadium in Iowa City, Iowa. Nebraska's Dylan Raiola arrives before the Iowa game, Friday, Nov. 29, 2024, at Kinnick Stadium in Iowa City, Iowa. The Nebraska football team arrives arrives at Kinnick Stadium before the Iowa game, Friday, Nov. 29, 2024, in Iowa City, Iowa. The Nebraska football team arrives arrives at Kinnick Stadium before the Iowa game, Friday, Nov. 29, 2024, in Iowa City, Iowa. Nebraska offensive coordinator Dana Holgorsen arrives at Kinnick Stadium before the Iowa game, Friday, Nov. 29, 2024, in Iowa City, Iowa. Subscribe for the best Husker news & commentary Be the first to know Get local news delivered to your inbox! 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The Jacksonville Jaguars placed quarterback Trevor Lawrence (concussion) on injured reserve Wednesday, likely ending his season after a vicious illegal hit in last week's loss to the Houston Texans. Lawrence, slammed in the head and neck by Texans linebacker Azeez Al-Shaair after giving himself up, would be eligible to return Week 18. However, the 2-10 Jags are already eliminated from playoff contention. Mac Jones will start for the Jags this week against the Tennessee Titans. Al-Shaair, meanwhile, was suspended three games by the NFL on Tuesday. Lawrence, 25, has thrown for 2,045 yards, 11 touchdowns and seven interceptions in 10 starts this season. He also missed time with a left (non-throwing) shoulder injury. Lawrence was carrying the ball and went into a feet-first slide at Houston's 45-yard line during the second quarter of Sunday's game. Al-Shaair launched into him and delivered a forearm shot near the quarterback's head and shoulder. Multiple skirmishes erupted as Lawrence lay prone on the field. Al-Shaair was ejected, along with Jaguars cornerback Jarrian Jones. Lawrence immediately displayed the hand motion known as the fencing posture that is associated with traumatic brain injury. However, he was able to stand after being attended to briefly, and he sat up while being taken to the locker room on a cart. Al-Shaair took to social media Monday to apologize but the NFL was unmoved, announcing the three-game suspension on Tuesday. He is appealing. Al-Shaair, 27, is a repeat offender this season, having just been fined $11,255 for a late hit on Tennessee Titans running back Tony Pollard last week. He was also fined $11,817 for punching Chicago Bears running back Roschon Johnson in a Week 2 game. That came after a sideline skirmish that began after Al-Shaair hit Bears quarterback Caleb Williams late out of bounds but wasn't flagged. Lawrence has thrown for 13,815 yards, 69 TDs and 46 INTs since being selected No. 1 overall by the Jags in the 2021 draft out of Clemson. --Field Level Media Get any of our free daily email newsletters — news headlines, opinion, e-edition, obituaries and more.